5^th International Conference on Spine and Spinal Disorders November 5-6, 2018 San Franciso, USA

Spinal trauma is damage to the spinal cord. It may result from direct injury to the cord f or indirectly from disease of the surrounding bones, tissues, or blood vessels. Most spinal trauma happens to young, healthy individuals. Men ages 15 to 40 are most often affected. The death rate tends to be higher in young children and teens with spinal injuries. A minor injury can damage the spinal cord if the spine is weakened such as from rheumatoid arthritis or osteoporosis.

Spinal trauma can be caused by injuries to the spine, such as Assault,Gunshot wounds,Industrial accidents,Motor vehicle accidents,Sports injuries.

Degenerative spine is a degenerative change in the spine due to loss of normal structure or normal function. It’s typically due to age. It is mostly seen after the age of 40. Most patients do improve with time or non-operative treatment surgery is only recommended when degeneration or disc herniation results consistent back pain or leg pain cause of nerve compression. Degenerative spine conditions grind down the disc’s ability to handle mechanical stress leading to back pain

Deformity of spine is any irregularity of the formation, alignment, or shape of the vertebral column. The normal human spine has tender curvatures, but when those curves are inflated, extreme, or displaced they are considered as deformities. Some deformities are elusive and not easily identified in a growing child. 

A spinal tumor is an irregular growth of cells in the spine. If the cells in the spine grow and multiply irregularly to cause a spinal tumor, this is called a primary spinal tumor. If abnormal cells have blowout to the spine forming a cancerous tumor in a  another part of the body, this is called a secondary tumor or metastasis.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging is currently considered to be the most sensitive diagnostic imaging mode for Spine diagnosis. Gadolinium is typically favored. MRI shows abnormalities in 95% of patients with clinically conclusive.

 Spinal Surgery is only considered when the exact source of pain gets identified—such as a herniated disc, scoliosis, or spinal stenosis. Usually, spine surgery is performed as open surgery. This demands opening the operative site with a long incision so the surgeon can view and access the spinal anatomy. However, with advance technology spine conditions can be treated with minimally invasive techniques. Whether open surgery or MISS, the spine can be accessed from different directions referred to as surgical approaches.

There is a risk of spinal infection any time surgery is performed. Surgeons take every precaution to prevent infections. It occurs in less than 1% of spinal surgeries. An infection can be in the skin incision or it can spread deeper to spread around the spinal cord and the vertebrae.  A spinal infection that involves only the skin incision is considered to be superficial which is easier to treat than a deeper infection. A superficial wound infection can be treated with antibiotics and sometimes if necessary the skin stitches needs to be removed but the deeper wound infections can be very serious and will probably require additional operations to drain the infection. In worst cases, any bone graft, metal screws, or plates or any extras that were used may need to be removed

Spinal cord injuries often occur after a sudden or a traumatic blow to the spine. The constant stream of electrical signals from the brain to the body gets interrupted by any damage to the spinal cord. When this communication pathway can’t be repaired, spinal cord damage causes serious disability and sometimes paralysis. The long established assumptions that severe spinal cord injuries causes’ permanent and incurable paralysis is being challenged. The findings give a chance that doctors may one day be able to crush the issue. As, Spinal cord injuries remain a critical and challenging  issue in experimental and clinical research nowadays, the need for further understanding the different mechanisms involved in spinal cord injury and repair has risen. Treatment is highly necessary to access the injury and repair it.

Myelopathy describes any neurologic deficit associated to the spinal cord. When due to trauma, it is known as spinal cord injury. When inflammatory, it is myelitis.

In most of the population spinal cord compression frequently occurs due to altered, inflammatory process affecting the posterior longitudinal ligament.

It has been recognized that Spinal injury to the spinal cord can effect in dramatic disability, including both negative symptoms and positive. Many patients show some natural recovery after injury, most patients with major Spinal cord damage have permanent symptoms. The Spinal injury could straight damage the cell bodies and neurons. 

The pediatric spinal disorders differs significantly from that of adult spinal disorders with respect to diagnosis and treatment. This spinal disorders are the results of the anatomical challenges posed by the unique location in the body, where the skull i.e. cranio meets the spine i.e. vertebral or the disproportion of head to body weight in the developing infant. The surgical treatment of these disorders in children must take into account the expected growth and development of the spine.

Syringomyelia is a disorder in which a cyst or cavity forms with in the spinal cord. This cyst is called as syrinx, It can expand and elongate over time, abolishing the spinal cord. The damage may leads to pain, paralysis, weakness and toughness in the back, shoulders, and extremities. Syringomyelia may also cause a loss of the ability to feel extreme hotness or coldness especially in the hands. There is also a disorder that generally indicates to a cape like Spine pain and temperature sensation along the back and arms.